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Do say, why do you cough? Print
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Loud expression of numerous affections, the cough also constitutes a means of defense of the organism to avoid all clutter of the respiratory device.

The cough is provoked by the irritation of the aerial ways or the organs of the neck, the thorax and the abdomen that is on the journey of the nerve pneumogastrique. This one transmits a stimulation in the center of order of the cough situated in the bulb of the brain, above the spinal cord.

  ...Of the keys to understand

The cough is an act reflex that takes place in three times:

  .A deep inspiration; 

  .A blockage of air inspired to the level of the larynx (superior part of the windpipe) by closing of the glottis (space understood between the vocal cords); 

  .A fast expiration by brutal opening of the glottis.

The cough permits the expulsion of air, the secretions or the foreign bodies cluttering the respiratory device. She can be provoked by a bad swallowing or an emotion, to constitute the demonstration typical of an illness (whooping cough, laryngitis) and to be present in numerous affections of the device respiratory, banal (cold, angina) or more serious (asthma, bronchitis, mucoviscidose, bronchial cancer...). She is sometimes aggravated by environmental factors:  tobacco, pollution, dry atmosphere, abrupt change of temperature...

According to his/her reason, she appears in an isolated manner, perm or by crises (fits of coughing), to one particular moment of the day. His/her tonality can also give some indications on his/her origin:  raucous cough in case of laryngitis, screaming cough in case of bronchitis... Finally, one distinguishes the dry cough and the fat cough accompanied by spits.

  ..The conduct to hold

To relieve a laborious cough that prevents rest or the normal activity, many medicines over-the-counter can be used in return for some precautions. It is primordial to distinguish two types of products:

  .The antitussifs abolishes the reflex of the cough and is indicated in case of dry cough; 

  .The expectorant and fluidifying bronchial encourage the cough and the expectoration of the bronchial secretions;  they are used in case of fat cough.

The antitussifs abolishes the reflex of the cough and is indicated in case of dry cough;  Read the indications well (attention to age) and the composition of the syrups to your disposition (especially if you have an allergic land). Mistrust the products that sometimes include several active principles whose effects are contrary.

In case of obstinate cough or accompanied of other signs making evoke the apparition of an illness (fever, headaches, fatigue, nasal clutter...), consult your physician. Do never forget that the best treatment of the cough is to treat the reason of it.

Otherwise, if the cough is provoked by a factor bound to the environment, take adequate measures:

  .Stop smoking or avoid the company of the smokers (institute rules of life in family and the specific places for the smokers to work); 

  .Carry a mask and air the local in case of manipulation of polluting products (well to read the notes of employment); 

  .Humidify air; 

  . Avoid to leave at the time of the peaks of pollution.
 
The fragility of the contour of the eye Print
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The contour of the eye is the zone the finest and most fragile of the whole face. Constantly in movement, she accuses in priority the first signs of the cutaneous ageing. All our advice to illuminate your look.

The contour of the eye is a real mirror of our general well-being. A small stroke of fatigue or stress and the rings appear.

  ..The specificities of the contour of the eye

The specificities of the contour of the eye The skin of the contour of the eye is constantly solicited (10 000 winks per day). And to facilitate this mobility, she is alleviated and exContour de l'oeiltremely fine (3 to 5 times thinner than the skin of the face) what makes it vulnerable. Poor in collagen, élastine and in adipose cells, the contour of the eye endures drought. Weakened thus, he becomes the place of predilection of the formation of the wrinkles.

If this zone is poor in grease, it is on the contrary rich in muscles, 22 to the total of which 14 speed up every 10 seconds to assure a permanent hydration to the cornea. These perpetual movements damage the fibers that become less farms more quickly.

  ..The ageing of the contour of the eye

The cutaneous laxity of the contour of the eye is often the first sign of the ageing. With time, the elastic fibers and the fibers of collagen alter themselves, what entails a laxity and a withering of the lower lid. Skin relaxes and a small pocket forms itself. But the laxity is not the only sign of the ageing. The sensitive zone under the eyes, constantly solicited, let appear precociously of the wrinkles. The first wrinkles of expression take birth in the external angle of the eye and form the paws of goose.

   ..What is it that the rings?

What is it that the rings? is skin finer under the eyes and does this "transparency" therefore make more visible the least worries of circulation or black shades. Otherwise, with age or fatigue, the blood and lymphatic micro-circulation of the contour of the eye (already very slow) becomes even "lazier." The hollow of the lower lid colors itself and it is the apparition of the rings. With time, it doesn't manage:  skin refines itself a few more and the cutaneous laxity is going to modify the shape of the ring that is going to become more pronounced in length and to darken the look. This color often blue crotchet of the rings comes because some blood micro-garbage can stagnate in the capillary vessels.

The rings, that can be occasional or lasting, are going to worsen if you lack sleep, in case of stress, of abuse of alcohol or tobacco.

The rings are different from the pockets (these inflations under the eye) that one can have and that result the ageing and/or a bad lymphatic circulation. All as for the rings, a domestic predisposition, stress and fatigue accentuate them.

  ..Of the care specific contour of the eye?

The skin of the contour of the eye doesn't have anything to see with the one of the rest of the face. This small zone requires the moisturizing care and a gesture in the application that is going to accelerate the blood circulation. When you rise with rings, your cream of day is not sufficient to make disappear them. It is necessary to adopt specific care to reveal the beauty of your look, and not to seem sleepy all day.

 
 
Anatomy of a "sex symbol" Print
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The breasts play an important role in the representation of the femininity. Of the puberty where the young damsels supervise with apprehension the development of their chest, to the menopause where their shape and their volume evolve, the breast is invested of a strong symbolic and emotional value.

Constituted of an adipose cloth more or less important that give them their shape and their volume, the breasts evolve according to the history natural of the women, their age, their previous pregnancies, their physical activities. The mammary gland is composed of about twenty lobuleses and include between 10 and 100 acini, that secretes milk. The breasts, browsed by a multitude of blood vessels, are maintained by the skin and fibers to the pectoral muscle that regain the thorax.

The mammary cloths bathe in lymphatic liquids, that permit to eliminate the garbage, the cells dead and other remnants. These liquids circulate in the lymphatic vessels, that flow in the lymph nodes. There are about 35 lymph nodes around every breast, of which most are situated in the arm pit or close by. If a cancer develops itself in a breast, it often spreads to ganglia because the lymph can contain and make circulate of the remnants but also of the cancerous cells. The lymph circulates in all directions, but the three-quarters about lymphatic vessels of the breast flow in the ganglia axillaires (in the armpit), that become often the first cancerous home created from afar of the breasts.

Zoom on the nursing

To the extremity of the breasts the nipples welcome some centers them a zone pigmented of dark brown color:  the aréole. The nipples can be turgescent, smooth gone back either. Their size increases simultaneously during pregnancy to the size of breasts, under the effect of the estrogènes and the progestérone secreted by the ovary and the placenta. Subject to an external stimulation (the cold weather, at the time of a sexual excitation or when the baby suckles), the aréole retracts and the nipple stands.

After the childbirth, the gland hypophysaire situated in the brain provokes the secretion of prolactine. This hormone stimulates the production of milk in the mammary lobules to feed the newborn. The channels galactophores transports milk until about twenty small openings. As soon as the child is freed, the breasts manufacture the colostrum, a liquid of a color sallow white. After about 3 days, milk arrives. It is only to the tip of 3 to 4 months after the childbirth that the breasts take their usual volume.

Woman until the tip of the breasts

During the puberty, the hormonal activity at the girls provokes a change in the physiognomy and the volume of the breasts. They develop themselves because of the deposits of grease, and the channels galactophores of the mammary gland connects to the nipple.
 
Antidepressants:a call against the overconsumption Print
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Antidepressants:  a call against the overconsumption

The French are part of the biggest consumers of antidepressants in the world. In reaction to this report, 15 physicians throw a call in Psychologies magazine to extol an use of these medicines more reasoned.

"It is urgent to break the silence":  so concludes itself the call of the 15 physicians signatory of the call thrown against the abuse of the antidepressants. Among these, one recovers the big personalities of the world of the French shrink:  psychiatrists Boris Cyrulnik or David Servan-Schreiber or the pédopsychiatre Marcel Rufo. All militate for a better use of the antidepressants, as well on behalf of the general public that of the physicians general practitioners:  "of the hundreds of thousands of people, in periods of difficult life but enduring no psychiatric trouble, see themselves prescribing these medicines on long lengths, without being warned of their secondary effects nor to benefit from a regular follow-up."Indeed, the call specifies that the French would take three times more of antidepressants and of calming that the other European countries, without presenting for as much the symptoms of a serious depression.

According to an investigation of the World organization of Health, 21,4% of the French consumed some psychotropics in the year, against 15,5% of the Spaniards and 5,9% of the Germans. A behavior that is not without risk, notably of the point of the seen of the dependence dragged by these molecules as well as his/her/its secondary effects in the current life.

The specialists recall therefore that exist other techniques for " to relieve the non pathological psychic pain:  psychotherapy, herbal medicine, relaxation, meditation, physical activity...."

An use of the medicines more reasoned that himself also interesting avèrerait for the financing of the Social Security:  according to a report of the health insurance, the substances of the family of the psychotropics and the neuroleptic would be the second prescribed classes in France. It would have flowed out some close to 109 millions boxes in 2007, a more elevated number than the one of the antibiotics, representing 82 millions of boxes in the same period.

Sources:  Psychologies Magazine - August 2008
 
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