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One doesn't count less than 4 000 new cases of cancers of the ovary per year in France. Are you to risk? Can one warn it? What are the factors of risk clean to this illness?... Outside of age, one can distinguish three big types of factors of risk of the cancer of the ovary: genetic, hormonal and those bound to the environment and the life style. The factors of genetic risks Few women are predisposed genetically to the cancer of the ovary. The genetic factors would be responsible for 5 to 10% of the cancers of the ovary. Between 160 and 320 women are reached annually of a hereditary cancer of the ovary. Of the domestic mutations of some genes, BRCA1 and more rarely BRCA2, are known to predispose strongly to this cancer, with an age of intervening more precocious (before 50 years). The change of these genes is also person responsible of a predisposition to the breast cancer. The follow-up of the women to risk The women who possess domestic antecedents of ovarian cancer can benefit from a consultation of oncogénétique, or even of a targeted tracking.
One can advise the women having a genetic risk to contract a cancer of the ovary a preventive ablation of the ovaries. It is a preventive or prophylactic ovariectomie. Some studies confirmed that for a woman having inherited of mutations genetic BRCA1 or BRCA2 or of a hereditary colon cancer without polypose, this prophylactic surgery reduces the risk considerably to develop a cancer of the ovary, without eliminating it completely.
For the women who don't want to be operated or the young women to high risk, one advises a scan per year the minimum. It explains why these two types of cancer are observed more frequently in the families bearers of these genes. However, several cases of cancers of the ovary or the breast can appear in a same family without the patient necessarily presents genes responsible for the cancer of the ovary. To know if a woman is bearer of such a predisposition, the research of the genetic changes is indispensable. She is made from a blood test. Finally, the syndrome of Lynch (cancer hereditary colorectal without polypose), rare hereditary illness, appear by the intervening precocious of some cancers: colon-rectum, but also at the women, of the cancers of the body of the uterus and the ovary. The factors of hormonal risks Some scientific studies show that the risks to develop a cancer of the ovary are raised more at the women: .Who didn't have any children (nullipares); .Who had their first child to a belated age, .Who had a precocious puberty or a belated menopause. .The impact of the use of the hormonal treatments of the effects of the menopause is debated again but it would seem that the estrogens and the oestro-progestatifs increase the risk of cancer of the ovary. On the other hand, some factors can reduce the risk to develop a cancer of the ovary: .The fact to have led several pregnancies; .The nursing (more the period of nursing continues and more the risk decreases); .The use of oral contraceptives (they decrease the number of ovulations, therefore also the risk of cancer).
.Finally, some studies examined the effects of the ligature of the horns of Fallope and the ablation of the uterus on the development of a cancer of the ovary: a survey showed a decrease of 41% of the cancer risk at the women having undergone a ligature of the horns and a light reduction has been observed at the women who underwent an ablation of the uterus. Factors bound to the environment and the life style The international variations of the rates of impact of this cancer indicate that the life style or some environmental factors could play a role in the intervening of this cancer. A strong stoutness and/or a consumption raised of greases and animal proteins would increase the risk of cancer of the ovary. On the other hand, the physical activity seems to decrease the risk, as well as the consumption of fruits or vegetables. The use of talc powder in the genital region has been evoked like a factor of risk. Some environmental factors could also play a role in the apparition of a cancer of the ovary. The different environmental and professional agents that could constitute factors of risk are: the solvents and derivative products, the mineral dusts of type synthetic vitreous fibers, the pesticides... But these last factors of risk are not clearly established. 2009-02-04
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